“We know the way back to the [Tahrir] Square”
“We know the way back to the [Tahrir] Square”[1]
Physical space, broadly conceived, is intertwined with power and its negotiation. What Asef Bayat named the nonmovement movement of everyday resistance is the slow transformation of the status quo through minute direct action, largely learned and adapted within public space. “Collective action by non-collective actors”[2] defines the daily negotiations of power, and people’s relationships to each other within shared space. That power’s manifestation and concentration in space is a function of social structures and their symbols. Notions of space’s governance and ownership are social outgrowths of political and economic moments and evolutions through time. That power is articulated and negotiated in space was central to the revolutions of the Arab World, beginning in late December 2010.
The late Muhammad Bouazizi’s passing tells a story of space, citizenship and power. It was in the street where he’d sold fruits out of a small cart fully immersed in a public space within Tunisia. It was within the public space of the street where he’d been brutally beaten and spat upon by the police, had his scales confiscated, his small wheelbarrow thrown aside. Confronting power in its Tunisian state government offices, Bouazizi demanded the return of his scales on the basis of bogus charges and economic repression. If they did not return his scales, or stop harassing him, Bouazizi said, he’d light himself on fire. And he did so in the public streets of Tunisia, becoming a symbol of public outrage at a shared status quo of a power’s control, and the space he in which he did so became the site of uprisings in Tunisian public space began mere hours after Bouazizi’s self-immolation.[3]
Space articulates an intersection of regulation. In the context of public space as denoted by a modern world system, space is politicized, itself subject to the forces of polity and governance. That Tahrir Square became synonymous with liberation is more than a coincidence of its name. Tahrir (in English, Liberation) Square was of course the site of convergence and occupation for some millions of Egyptians over the course of the Egyptian revolutions during 2011. The transformative use of its boundaries, the usurping of its regulatory logic was an anticipation of the changes which were to follow on February 18th, with the resignation of the autocratic Hosni Mubarak. It was at the square’s periphery that activists against the regime, be they April 6th Youth Movement, Muslim Brotherhood, or unaffiliated activists would create and protect barricades to protect their fellow protesters within.[4]
Here was a rise of a new, competing sovereignty with a new, anti-authoritarian negotiation of ownership. Citizenship to the space of Tahrir Square became hyperpoliticized, though it now represented a coup d’etat. The regime’s/Hosni Mubarak’s forces had attempted to reclaim the square in the name of the regime that ruled the Egypt beyond the barricades, but its heart had already been taken by the protestors, its boundaries demarcated by the struggle[5] at the periphery of a newly revolutionary Egypt. One which stood for a new, democratic politics divorced from the many iterations of the old guard, its state-terrorism in the form of Emergency Laws, its corruptions, its post-totalitarian logic.[6] The Egyptian people had returned to Tahrir Square to become liberated once more, as they had done in 1952 against King Farouk I and in 1919 against British colonialism. When asked about the uncertainty of the future of the burgeoning revolution, one protester simply responded, “We know the way back to the [Tahrir] Square”.[7] Tahrir Square lives once again as not only a symbol of liberation, but a space of social and political transformation.